Gluten intolerance is a common problem, with celiac disease being the most severe form. However, data suggests that between 1% and 13% of people have non-celiac gluten sensitivity, a milder form of gluten intolerance. In this article, we’ll explore five of the main signs and symptoms that may indicate a gluten intolerance or sensitivity.
1. Bloating and Abdominal Pain
Bloating, a feeling of swelling and fullness in the belly after eating, is commonly associated with abdominal pain. These symptoms can have numerous causes, but they are the two most frequent complaints among people with gluten sensitivity or intolerance. One study found that 85% of individuals with suspected non-celiac gluten sensitivity experienced bloating, while 83% had abdominal pain.
2. Recurrent Diarrhea and Constipation
Occasional diarrhea or constipation is not uncommon, but if it occurs regularly, it may be a cause for concern. Recurrent diarrhea and constipation are common symptoms of gluten intolerance. In celiac disease, consuming gluten triggers inflammation in the gut, damaging the lining and leading to poor nutrient absorption, digestive discomfort, and frequent diarrhea. More than 50% of gluten-sensitive individuals regularly experience diarrhea, while about 25% experience constipation. Those with celiac disease may also have pale and foul-smelling stools due to poor nutrient absorption.
3. Chronic Fatigue
Feeling tired is common and usually not linked to any disease. However, if you constantly feel very tired, even after sufficient rest, it’s worth exploring the possibility of an underlying cause. Gluten-intolerant individuals are prone to fatigue and tiredness, especially after consuming gluten-containing foods. Studies have shown that 60-82% of gluten-intolerant individuals commonly experience tiredness and fatigue. Additionally, gluten intolerance can cause iron-deficiency anemia, which further contributes to fatigue and lack of energy.
4. Iron-Deficiency Anemia
Iron-deficiency anemia, the most common nutrient deficiency worldwide, causes symptoms such as low blood volume, fatigue, shortness of breath, dizziness, headaches, pale skin, and weakness. In celiac disease, impaired nutrient absorption in the intestine leads to reduced iron absorption from food. Iron deficiency may be one of the first symptoms of celiac disease that doctors notice, and studies show that it is significant in both adults and children with celiac disease.
5. Brain Fog
Brain fog refers to the feeling of being unable to think clearly, being forgetful, and experiencing general mental fatigue. A foggy mind is a common symptom of gluten intolerance, affecting up to 40% of gluten-intolerant individuals. While the exact reason is unknown, it may be caused by a reaction to certain antibodies in gluten.
Frequently Asked Questions
1. Can gluten intolerance develop later in life?
Yes, gluten intolerance and celiac disease can develop at any age. Some people may not experience symptoms until later in life, even if they have been consuming gluten for years.
2. Is there a difference between gluten intolerance and celiac disease?
Yes, celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten consumption, causing damage to the small intestine. Gluten intolerance, or non-celiac gluten sensitivity, is a milder form of gluten reaction that does not cause intestinal damage.
3. How is gluten intolerance diagnosed?
Diagnosing gluten intolerance can be challenging, as symptoms often overlap with other conditions. Blood tests, intestinal biopsies, and elimination diets may be used to diagnose celiac disease or non-celiac gluten sensitivity. Consulting with a healthcare professional is essential for an accurate diagnosis.
While gluten intolerance can have many other symptoms, the five discussed in this article are among the most common. It’s important to note that these symptoms can have other causes as well. If you regularly experience any of these symptoms without an apparent cause, it’s best to consult with your doctor for proper diagnosis and treatment.